SPEAKING - làm sao đây?

Phần nói của chúng ta năm nay so với những năm trước tương đối phức tạp hơn vì cần hoạt động nhóm.
Yêu cầu của một bài nói:
-          Có mở đầu, có kết thúc
-          Có tóm lại những ý chính
-          Có sử dụng các mẫu câu trong sách
-          Có mở rộng vấn đề được nêu ra (bổ sung, phản bác, giải thích)
-          Có mức độ hoạt động tương đối đồng đều ở các thành viên trong nhóm
Bla bla bla, túm lại là quá nhiều, chúng ta có thể quên và lấn sân lẫn nhau dẫn tới bài nói lủng củng, rời rạc và có thành viên thụ động.
 
Để làm nên 1 bài nói
B1: Xác định rõ trước là thành phần trong nhóm và nhiệm vụ:
-          Nhóm gồm 4-5 người (tốt nhất là 4 và các bài nói phía sau Bảo sẽ xây dựng theo chuẩn 4)
-          1 chairman (người quản lý buổi nói chuyện, đảm nhận chào hỏi, tóm ý chính và kết thúc)
-          Các thành viên còn lại sẽ xây dựng cuộc nói chuyện
B2: Đưa ra các ý kiến sẽ bàn luận và chọn lựa các xử lý từng ý kiến
-          Xác định số lượng vấn đề trong đề bài (chú ý phân bố thời gian)
-          Một vấn đề bất kỳ nên có 3 ý kiến chính
-          Mỗi ý kiến chính nên được trình bày = thông tin của thành viên nêu ý kiến + phần thêm vào của 1 thành viên khác (tùy vào khả năng của nhóm mà bạn có thể có hơn 1 phần thêm vào)
-          Người nêu ý kiến nên ít nhất là giải thích ý của mình hoặc đưa thông tin ủng hộ cho nó (đừng chỉ đơn giản nêu ra 1 câu duy nhất nói lên ý kiến bản thân)
-          Phần thêm vào của thành viên khác có thể là bổ sung (thêm thông tin ủng hộ ý kiến) hoặc bác bỏ (đưa thông tin bác bỏ ý kiến) hoặc giải thích (làm rõ thêm ý kiến đó bằng định nghĩa hay ví dụ), nên dùng luân phiên thay đổi cho mỗi ý kiến được nêu ra
B3: Hình thành kịch bản và làm rõ thứ tự từng thành viên: (sau đây là khung chuẩn cho 4 người mà Bảo sẽ dùng cho tất cả các ví dụ sau này)
-          Chairman: chào hỏi, nêu các vấn đề sẽ bàn luận, bắt đầu với vấn đề 1
-          Member 1: nêu ý kiến 1 + thông tin
-          Member 3: đồng tình ý 1 + thêm thông tin
-          Member 2: nêu ý kiến số 2 + thông tin
-          Member 1: phản bác ý 2 + lý do
-          Member 3: đồng tình ý 2 + lý do
-          Chairman: thống nhất lại để thông qua ý 2, hỏi xem còn ý kiến nào khác không
-          Member 3: nêu ý kiến số 3 + thông tin
-          Chairman: hỏi về 1 điều gì đó không hiểu, cần giải thích
-          Member 2: giải thích giùm
-          Member 3: cảm ơn và đồng tình lời giải thích
-          Chairman: tóm tắt lại 3 ý kiến đã nêu cho vấn đề, nêu tiếp vấn đề 2
-          …
-          Chairman: kết thúc buổi nói chuyện, cảm ơn, hẹn gặp lại
 
***Mẹo***
-          Hãy làm sao cho người theo dõi phải quay đầu liên tục để hướng về người đang nói (đồng nghĩa với việc là thay đổi người phát biểu liên tục)
-          Không thụ động: không chờ gọi tới tên mình, luôn trong tư thế sẵn sàng tới lượt là nói
-          Nên tạo cảm giác tự nhiên: đồng ý thì gật, không thì lắc, vui thì cười,…
-          Có thể sửa chữa cho bạn khi bạn mình lỡ nói sai một chỗ nào đó
-          Nên thuộc sẵn 1 vài câu mà mình sẽ dùng hoài, không bao giờ thay đổi
-          Mỗi lần tới lượt mình nói nên sổ ít nhất 3 câu (đưa ý kiến, nêu lý do và túm lại)

Topic 1: Achievements of cardiac surgery, what may happened if cardiac surgery has not been made
Hiện tại chưa có bài này, vui lòng kéo lên/xuống để xem những bài khác

Topic 2: The most serious cardiac disease, how patients have to suffer, what modern medicine has done
 
Topics and ideas:
1) The most serious cardiac disease: heart failure
--- last tage of all heart diseases
--- losing heart function affects considerably daily life and easily kills patients
2) How patients have suffer:
--- tiredness limits activities
--- shortness of breath wakes patients
--- lifetime treatment with high death rate
3) Modern medicine has done:
--- can treat both emergency and chronic symtomps
--- improve daily life: the more fun they have, the more years they live
--- better insurance reduces the prices
 
Speech:
-          Chairman: Good afternoon everyone, thanks for coming. Let’s get started. Today, we are going to discuss one cardiac disease that we consider the most serious, what negative effects the patients have to suffer, and what modern medicine has done to help. First of all, I would like to listen to <1> ‘s opinion of which cardiac disease is the most serious
-          Member 1: I think of heart failure because it is the last tage of all cardiac disease. Any cardiac disease such as myocardial infarction, valvular disease, or high blood pressure will finally lead to disfunction.
-          Member 3: I agree with <1>. And, heart is supposed to pump blood to support our whole body, so we will suffer a lot.
-          Member 2: I have the similar idea to <3>. Like we have already read from the tetbooks, heart failure affects considerably daily life and easily kills patients.
-          Chairman: Now we all have the the same idea that heart failure is the most serious one because it is the last tage and has bad effects. Can you mention some negative effects that the patients have to suffer?
-          Member 1: Firstly, I would like to mention overwhelming tiredness because I think it is really a pain which patients cannot stand. Patients with heart failure don’t have enough blood supply so their bodies don’t get enough oxygen and energy to do as they wish. Imagine, if one day you wake up and feel so tired that you cannot do things you like the way you like, that day will obviously turn out to be really bad.
-          Member 3: That’s a good point. The situation can down their feeling a lot and maybe make the disease worse.
-          Member 2: In addition, shortness of breath is also a negative effect the patients have to tolerate. Do you know when is the time this symptom happens? Usually it’s at midnight when the patients think they can rest. However, lying down make blood from the lower body rush back to the heart which is already weak. Suddenly, the heart is not able to pump the large amount of blood to the lungs and there is no gas exchange. That’s the reason why the patients have to get up immediately, sit up to breathe, and even have to hold the same position the until dawn.
-          Member 1: I see your point but shortness of breath is associated with tiredness so it also occupying all the time as well. Why do you only speak of night time only?
-          Member 3: You’re right, but I think <2> wants to emphasize the time when it considerably causes uncomfortable feelings. During the day, patients cannot see the breathing problem as clearly as during the night
-          Chairman: So we now all agree the idea of breathing problem, right? <3>, you look like you have some more idea to express
-          Member 3: Well, the other two have good views but they only consider the symptoms. I want to say something about the treatment. This is a chronic disease so the patients, in most cases, need to take medicine for their lifetime and those drugs are not cheap. As they cannot work much to earn money due to their ill-being, they themselves and their families will surely get into financial problem and may not be able to continue fighting their disease. The death rate is high partly because of this reason.
-          Chairman: Your ideas are all great. Up to now, we have discussed the negative effects including excessive tiredness, shortness of breath, and expemsive lifetime treatment. However, as we know that the death rate is still high, modern medicine has achieved much to help the patients. Can you give us an example, <2>?
-          Member 2: Yes, I can. Nowaday, hospital’s facility and staffs’ knowledge have improved so they can treat both emergency and chronic symptoms effectively. Heart failure easily leads to acute decompensation which can kill a patients in just some hours or even minutes. Modern emergency department is able to observe the conditions of patients with ECG and use drugs to control the heart’s function by decreasing blood pressure along with increase pumping power.
-          Member 1: Excuse me, may I have a question? What does ECG stand for?
-          Member 3: Let me anwser this. It is electrocardiograph, a special equipment to illustrate how the heart is working and what reason cause its disfunction.
-          Member 2: That’s right, thanks
-          Member 1: Thank you. And, you’re talking about treating the chronic symptoms effectively, I agree and want to add some information. This aspect really jumped to a new level as medicine can help reducing tiredness and breathlessness to the least. The patients who strictly follow prescription and doctors’ advisce can perform quite the same amount of physical excercises as their healthy past.
-          Member 3: <1> is right again. The patients with the least chronic symptoms can enjoy their life just like before being ill. Therefore, the treatments can even prolong their lifetime. The reason is simple. They think positive and their condition become positive. The more fun they have, the more years they will want to live.
-          Chairman: That’s a good point. I now recall that one of us said something about expensive prices which cause the patients stop continuing fighting their disease. However, our medical system has improved recently and passed new insurance which is better in lowing the medicine cost, about 50 to 80 or even 100 percent of the price. Thus, the poor patients can go to hospital and accept a lifetime treatment without hesitation. Do you all agree with me?
-          Member 1, 2, 3 nod
-          Chairman: Alright, despite the negative effects that patients still have to suffer, modern medicine has improved a lot to help and earned archievements such as being able to deal with both acute decomepensation and chronic condition, effectively developing lives, and erasing high medical price with better insurance. Well, the time is up. Thank you very much for your interesting points of view. I am looking forward to our next discussion. Goodbye, see you again

Topic 3: List of compulsory vaccinations to children and how important they are, how much Vietnam has achieved in vaccination programmes
Hiện tại chưa có bài này, vui lòng kéo lên/xuống để xem những bài khác

Topic 4: Vaccinations are not always beneficial to children
 
Topics and ideas:
1) Disadvantage:
--- side effects
--- hurt and inflamation at injected area
--- still can get sick
2) Advantage:
--- creating body immunity
--- reduce symptoms
--- not wasting the money on treatments
 
Speech:
-          Chairman: Good afternoon everyone, thanks for coming. Let’s get started. Today, we are going to discuss a statement “vaccinations are not alwaysbeneficial to children”. I want to know if you agree or disagree with it and why? First of all, vaccine is one of the most tremendous achievements in medical history. Therefore, the people, especially the children, has gained many benefits from it. Do you agree with me?
-          Member 1: Yes, I do. We all know that humans has been able to prevent and stop many infectious diseases since vaccines were invented. And, children whose immune system is weak and unable to protect the body need to be vaccinated to earn their defense without a real fight against dangerous active bacteria or viruses.
-          Member 3: Excuse me, may I have a question? Can you explain how vaccine help the children to create their immune defense without a real fight, please?
-          Member 2: Let me do it for you. In our immune system, the part that deal with infection is antibody, but it only appears after the invasion of bacteria or viruses. You see that a baby’s immune system is like a blank page, it only can fight against a disease only if it has faced exactly that disease or a similar one in the past. That is dangerous because a baby’s weak body cannot stand an invasion of active infection. The damage can be really bad and can even result in the death of the baby. Vaccines contain inactivated parts of bacteria or viruses so after being injected to the body, it can help create antibody without danger of real fight and real damage.
-          Member 1: Thanks <2>.
-          Member 3: Thank you very much. I totally agree with both of you and want to add more information. Vaccination does not only help to create immunity in children but also enhance it. Thus, when a similar infection gets into a vaccinated kid’s body, it won’t be able to cause the same amount of damage as it does to a kid without vaccination. The symptoms will be reduced even to zero.
-          Member 2: That’s a good point “symtom will be reduced even to zero”. So there are less symptoms and even no symptoms at all, so children don’t need to be treated and their parents don’t need to pay any money for treatment. Do you know that infectious diseases take a part of 80% of all diseases in children? Consequently, if the infection can no longer occupy in children, an enormous number of cash can be saved.
-          Chairman: Thank you. Up to now, we already finish talking about the advantages of vaccination, including creating and improving kids’ immunity, reducing symptoms as the kids are sick, and also saving their parents’ money from paying for treatments. Now, I would like you to think of any disadvantage which vaccination can bring to the children. Maybe you first <1>
-          Member 1: Well, vaccine afterall is still a medical product and every medical product has side effects which can cause fever, rash, diarrhea, ect…. These side effects sometimes are even worse than the disease’s symptoms and bring their victims to hospital.
-          Member 3: That’s a good point. Side effects can be a real problem because we are unable to predict the outcomes. The results vary from one to another and there was cases whose immune conditons are too special and easily leads to overreaction. Death may miserably occur in those situations and there are few ways to change it.
-          Member 2: Those points are good but quite too serious. I think all children don’t like vaccination at all because they all must be injected through the skin. That hurts the kids and perhaps leaves an imflammation to the injected area if the medical staffs finish the shot too quickly and roughly.
-          Member 1: I’m afraid I don’t agree with you about inflammation. Like you said “when the medical staffs finish the shot too quickly and roughly”, that is not vaccine’s fault at all so how can it be considered a bad effect that vaccination brings to children?
-          Member 3: Well, in my opinion, <2> got an interesting idea, vaccination is still a process of injecting through the skin, so the complications which may follow after injection should be seen as a part of it too. Therefore, vaccination, as an injecting process, does bring pain and inflammation to children.
-          Chairman: Well, ie seems all of you now understand the idea of accepting pain and inflammation as vaccination disadvantage. That is also a good point of view. In addition, I would like to say that not all of the children who was vaccinated in the past can still be fully attacked by the same disease or similar ones. The percentage is low but still marks a fact that vaccination cannot always be beneficial to children.
-          Member 2: I have read about that too in a science article. They report 10-15 percent of the children who have been already vaccinated are still able to get the disease and suffer the same damage as the ones without vaccination. It sounds like their parents paid for the vaccine then achieved nothing from it.
-          Chairman: Thanks for your futher information. To sum up, vaccination is a really a significant milestone in medical developing history and gives us more opportunities to fight diseases and to keep our people safe, especially the children. However, we all agree that it is not always beneficial as there are some disadvantages, the percentage is low but they still exist. I know you guys have more things to say but the times is up. Thank you very much for your interesting points of view. I am looking forward to our next discussion. Goodbye, see you again

Topic 5: Importance of primary care in a residential area, how much primary care in Vietnam has achieved in your opinion
 
Topics and ideas: avoiding diseases rather than treating them
1) Importance:
--- equal to preventative medicine: treatments not required, able to contribute to economy
--- promotion of health
--- early identification of disease and provision of treatment
--- reducing the effects and disabilities
2) Primary care in Vietnam: not its best
--- great number of medical students but few genneral practitioners
--- health communication still improving
--- people’s awareness of illness severity is not enough
 
Speech:
-          Chairman: Good afternoon everyone, thanks for coming. Let’s get started. Today, we are going to discuss the importance of primary care to a resident area then we will answers the question “has primary care in Vietnam achieved its best result so far?”. Firstly, I would like to ask <1>, how much you know about primary care? Is it important in your opinion?
-          Member 1: Primary care is also called preventative medicine. As we have already known: avoiding diseases is better than treating them so that’s why primary care appeared and it has played a significant role in many nations’ medical system. In my opinion, it is obviously important. One of its purposes is promotion of health including lifestyle modification and awareness campaign to help people see how they can live healthily and why they should do as medical professionals said.
-          Member 3: I totally agree with you. What you just said is the first step of primary care and I want to give an example. A person who smoke everyday has a possibility of 80% to get lung cancer in the future while another one living cigarette-free just has 5% or even less than that. Primary care system show that fact along with lung cancer severity to citizens then fewer people smoke and the result is lower death rate of lung cancer.
-          Member 2: Interesting idea and example. As you said “it just the first step”, I know the second one: early identification of disease and provision of treatment. We have learnt that many diseases, especially the chronic ones, can occur in a body without showing any sign of symptoms in their early stage. Medical staffs of primary care system are able to trace the disease existence with screening programmes then give the patients advice or even treatment to minimize the damage, to keep it stable in its beginning when there is no negative effects.
-          Member 1: Excuse me, may I have a question? What is sceening programmes?
-          Chairman: Let me explain that for you. Screening prgrammes are the tools of primary care system including many examinations of  blood, body fluid, tissue to help identify a patient with an increasing disease but not yet shown any clinical presentaions.
-          Member 1 and 2: Thanks
-          Member 3: In addition, I have the third step: reducing the effects and disablities after the symptoms appear. You see when the doctor diagnose a disease and gives treatments, he or she always add some advice in order to help the patients avoid being closed to the risk factors anymore so the treatments can work effectively and reduce as much damage as possible.
-          Member 2: Wait, you have a good point but I think I have to disagree. Like it is said primary care is equal to preventative medicine, everything given after the clinical presentations are shown is considered not belong to this field anymore. Am I right?
-          Member 1: No. You have got this one wrong, yes it is preventative medicine, but it prevents the diseases not only from appearing and showing symptoms but also from getting worse. As an example, lung cancer patients continue smoking will not become any better and will even die sooner than the ones following the advice of cigarette-free life. After a doctor’s diagnosis, there are still managements that the patients must do by themselves to earn a better and longer life.
-          Chairman: Alright, we all agree on the third step. Up to now, we have discussed the importance of primary care including prevention of illness, promotion of health, early identification along with provision of treatment, reduction of effects and disabilities. So in our opinion, it’s really important. Let’s change to the next question “has primary care in Vietnam achieved its best result so far?”. What is your idea <1>?
-          Member 1: Well, first of all, we can see that there are thousands medical students and the numbers continue rising each year but just a few of them are goning to be general practitioners, briefly called GPs. The GPs are the necessary medical staffs to build up a primary care system, and unfortunately they are not properly appreciated in Vietnam. Many citizens still think they only need medical specialists when they get sick, so most medical students will go on for a further specialty to please their customers.
-          Member 3: That’s a good point of view. And, because of what you just said, the Vietmnamese government has no reason to spend an appropriate amount of money to develop primary care system and also to train the GPs. And, the screening programmes which need a certain number of medical staffs go down as well.
-          Member 2: Well, I got your idea but that is just one aspect of primary care. Let’s consider health community, which is improving quite rapidly in recent years. About 10 years ago, there are still  many families which keep the routine of using river water for drinking without boiling it first. The result, like we know, is digestive symptoms such as vommiting, diarrhea and even some more complications. But, people now realize they have to boil the water about 30 minutes before using it to drink or cook, thanks to our health community. Moreover, many campaigns have been established and statements have been spread throughout our country like “vaccination is necessary to people, especially children under 5 years old”, “two kids is enough for one family”, “clean your hands before meals to prevent feces-oral transmitting disease”,…ect. We can say that our health community is working as effectively as possible and it is improving each year.
-          Member 1: Well, we can say that but that is not enough because a great percentage of our people nowaday still acknowledge little of diseases and also preventative medicine. They don’t follow the professionals’ advice of living healthily.
-          Member 2: Like I said, it’s still improving and we have to accept the developing present and look forward to the better future.
-          Member 3: I see both of your opinion and I don’t disagree with any of you. Our health community can be effective but our people’s knowledge is still low, their awaerness of illness severity is incomplete so they don’t want to follow our advice. What should I say? Like the people are too sturborn and they don’t see something with their own eyes then they don’t trust and won’t do as we wish them to. As an example, we told our citizens to go checking their heath every 3 or 6 months to identify diseases at their early stage. However, we also emphasized that the early stage doesn’t show any sign of symptoms, many of our people consider that is nonsense to go to the hospital without uncomfortable feelings. They only go to see us when the clinical presentations appear and the damage is much severe then what we can do is giving them appropriate treatments and can preventative medicine is a zero.
-          Chairman: Well, according to all of your good view, despite the fact that preventative medicine is important, Vietnamese primary has not achieved its best result so far yet is still improving. For now, our GPs are not properly appreciated, our people’s awareness of illness severity is incomplete, but our health community have accomplished some great achievements. This fact encourages us to learn and work harder to earn a better result in future. I know you guys have more things to say but the times is up. Thank you very much for your interesting points of view. I am looking forward to our next discussion. Goodbye, see you again.

Topic 6: Characteristics, both professionally and individually, of a GP and why them have not been fully appreciated
 
Topics and ideas:
1) The work of GPs along with professional characters:
--- have general knowledge to identify and treat some common diseases, classify patients and introduce a right specialist
--- be sensitive to health risks
--- able to convince patients to trust and continue their treatments
2) Situation they have to face along with:
--- caring
--- devoted
3) Why they have not been appreciated
--- lack of information about GPs
--- trust in specialists more
--- the education is not properly invested
 
Speech:
-          Chairman: Good afternoon everyone, thanks for coming. Let’s get started. Today, we are going to discuss the characteristics, both professionally and individually, that a general practitioner, briefly called GP, needs to have and a question “why has the role of a GP in current Vietnam not been fully appreciated?”. First of all, we know a GP usually is the first medical staff whom a person in foreign country will contact when he or she has a health problem. So, what are the charateristics that GP should have to perform his work?
-          Member 1: If you’re asking me, I will say it’s having a general knowledge. Just like their name, general practitioners, they must have a wide vision upon a patient’s problem then mannge what to do next.  A GP must be capable of identifying and treating common diseases such as fever, allergy, muscle pain as well as classify the patients then introduce them to the right specialist for further managements.
-          Member 3: I totally agree with <1> and would like to give an example. A person gets headache and, like <1> already said, firstly goes to see a GP for help. That GP will have to consider all aspects to identify the disease. If that headache is just caused by stress or temporary high blood, the GP can treat it with some proper medicine and give advice to the patient. However, if the GP thinks of serious cases like brain injury or bacterial damage, he must introduce the patient to another specialist for higher examinations and treatments.
-          Member 2: You guys have a good idea. I hear that you say something like the GP has to know when he must send the patient to futher managements. Then, I got another characteristics that he need to have: being sensitive to health risks. In case of different diseases but showing one same symptom, the GP must consider other informations that may be the alert of a serious health problem. In your example, the information of salty meals brings up the thought of high blood pressure, while a past of car accident makes you concern more about brain damage.
-          Member 3: That’s also great opinion <2> and here is the third one. The GP needs to be able to convice a patient to believe in professional advice and continue the treatment properly. There are many informations a doctor will give to a patient along with the treatment, some of them are understood and the other ones are not. A GP will be the one faces that situation most of the time when patients come for health check. The patients will take the chance to ask about the the informations given by the specialist to ensure their memory and knowledge of their own problems. In addition, there are also treatments which make the patients uncomfortable and they become resisting them. The GP has to show the advantages and confirm the disadvangtages of a treatment, be understanding to the uncomfortable feelings, then give a patient the strength to go on with that treatment.
-          Chairman: Alright, we have general knowledge, sensitivity to health risks, ability to convince as the characteristics that a GP need to perform in his professional fiield. How about in individual aspect, what does he need?
-          Member 2: I am thinking of being caring. Like we have already known, a GP has to take care of some families in a residental area and they have their health depend on him. They will go to see or phone asking him right away whenever something go wrong and it can be like every day there are problems for him to solve. Without passion to what he is doing, passion to all the people trusting in him to take care of them, he can feel bothered and become fed up with his job.
-          Member 1: You got a great idea. Moreover, with that kind of stressful work, he also needs to be devoted which means he is always ready to take his responsibility and accept whatever will come up. That is the only way he can go on day by day perform his best in solving the patients’ health problems without feeling exhausted.
-          Chairman: Those two ideas are excellent. So, we agree that in individual aspect, a GP needs to be caring and devoted. As far as our discussion goes, we see that GPs are playing an important role in medical system and have many wonderful characteristics. Then, why has the role of a GP in current Vietnam not been fully appreciated? Any idea <1>?
-          Member 1: Well, firstly, the GPs are medical staffs belonging to the primary care system and unfortunately Vietnamese primary care has not achieved its best result so far and that’s why people cannot see exactly what GPs are and why they exist. Our people don’t have the routine of going to check their health monthly or yearly and also rarely have questions about health problems as well as the treatments going along. Thus, there is not really much to do if you are just a GP in Vietnam, it is quite bored and you may not earn enough for living.
-          Member 3: I see your point but I think I have to disagree. Our primary care system is improving year after year and many programmes have been in progress already such as new vacciantions and vitamin supply. As a result, GPs must have a lot of things to do nowaday and the only problem is that people don’t acknowledge the medical staffs who they are approaching are called general practitioners. We are supposed to tell them that but we didn’t and that’s why they don’t appreciate the GPs role.
-          Member 2: I have to agree with <3>. In addition, people not only don’t know who GPs are but also image only specialists and nurses as they think of our medical system. Vietnamese citizens usually go to hospital because there are already some clinical presentations which appear at the late stage of a disease. At that time, a specialist is obviously trusted much more than a GP to manage the treatments. After all, people only can see that health problem occurs when they get sick, and when they get sick they just need a specialist to treat it. That’s it, no place in their mind for a GP to prevent the disease and give advice of a healthy life.
-          Member 3: That’s right. Furthermore, GPs education is not invested properly by the government. They have seen the need of primary care already and spent money to improve it yet not enough as the real number is much greater. So, our GPs are not well-trained like in other countries where GPs can handle many common diseases, analyze the documents of their own patients, and make people trust in them as much as in specialists.
-          Chairman: You all have good points of view. To sum up, we mentioned three reasons to answer why GPs have not been fully appreciated in current Vietnam inluding: people’s lack of knowledge about GPs, their greater faith for specialists, and incomplete-invested education. I know you guys have more things to say but the times is up. Thank you very much for your interesting points of view. I am looking forward to our next discussion. Goodbye, see you again.

Topic 7: Inequality of health care between well-developed and third-world countries, name some countries with considerable progress in health care system with achievements and advantages to people
 
Topics and ideas:
1) Meaning of third-world countries
2) Inequality:
--- lack of medical staffs
--- doctors are not well educated
--- poor facility of medicine
--- dependence on foundation and support from other countries
--- low knowledge of medicine
3) Considerable progress:
--- USA’s primary care: covering most citizens, complete vaccination, ability to control pandemics
--- European countries having mountain: helicopters for emrgencies
--- England and France: pioneer in organ transplantation
 
Speech:
-          Chairman: Good afternoon everyone, thanks for coming. Let’s get started. Today, we are going to discuss the inequality of health care between well-developed and third-world countries then we will name some countries with considerable progress in health care system including their achievements and advantages to people. First of all, I would like to know if you understand the phrase “third-world countries”.
-          Member 1: Let me explain it. Third-world is the term to define the countries which remained non-aligned in the Cold War, and those include many nations in Africa and Latin America. Nowaday, ones belong to the third-world are extremely poor and non-industrialized so their populations have to receive food and necessity from other developed countries to live on.
-          Chairman: Well done <1>. In that condition, these nations obviously have a health care system far different to those well-developed. What is one of the differences that you know <1>?
-          Member 1: I would like to mention the lack of medical staffs. You see the third-world countries are too poor that they cannot even buy food so they clearly cannot afford training doctors or nurses. Unlike their wealthy neighbors, many medical universities are built and equipments are changed yearly to make sure that thousands of medical staffs are ready for their responsibility taking care of people health.
-          Member 3: I totally agree with you. In additon, they not only have the quantity but also the quality. Their programmes can even immitate the exact working space along with all facility in hospitals and hundreds of models are used for practice. The medical students can experience emergencies, surgeries, and other procedures while they are still inside the labs. On the opposite, third-world countries don’t have even the basic training, doctors will learn whatever they can from the textbooks then practise in real cases and the death rate must be high.
-          Member 2: You have a good point but I partly disagree about the lack of education. The well-developed nations can support them by picking some of their medical students to the properly equipped university for training. However, the thing happens when they come back to their countries and the equipments are not the same or even no equipment at all and they cannot perform any of the knowledge they have learnt. The lack of facility is the bigger deal to concerned and there is nothing the poor can do about it.
-          Member 1: <2> is right. The third-world countries have to depend on the foundation and support from other well-developed countries and they cannot manage the quantity and the quality of those gifts. Their wealthy are generous but still not generous enough to give them all the good stuffs, it is a fact that you only donate your old clothes, old toys, and other old things. Thus, the support after all can only ease the insufficience not erase it completely.
-          Member 3: I agree with you. Last but not least, how much people acknowledge of medicine is also a problem. The poor people extremely concern about surviving each day and barely care about diseases unless they are really severe. Moreover, many people lose their faith in medicine and search for charms and curses instead to release them from their pain and sorrow. We all know that just lead to an even worse condition.
-          Chairman: Wow, you guys do have a lot of interesting ideas. Up to now, we have been discuss the inequality of health care between the well-developed and the third-world countries. To sum up, the third-world nations are poor so they lack medical staffs as well as facility of medicine, their doctors are not well educated, their health care system has to depend on foreign support, and their people don’t acknowledge medicine fully. Let’s move to the second part of today discussion: name some countries with considerable progress in health care system including their achievements and advantages to people.
-          Member 1: I would like to speak first and I am going to say that the USA has a perfect primary care system. As I read about it, they trained a large number of GPs to follow almost every citizens’ health status and sucessfully shew the benefit of health check yearly. They also accomplished complete vaccinations and 100% children under 5 years old are properly vaccinated. In addition, they are confident to protect their people in case of pandemics breakout with high-technical screening programmes along with well-equipped medical facility.
-          Member 3: I have another one: helicopter as ambulance. I have seen an article about some European countries which have wide areas of mountains and forrests such as Finland and Sweden deciding to use helicopters for emergencies. In those countries, many people enjoy living with nature so much that they choose places where the paths are hardly enetered. Thus, if a health problem suddenly occurs, a slow ambulance won’t be as convenient as a quick flying helicopter to get to a house on mountain or deep in forrest.
-          Member 2: My turn, I will tell you about England and France whose organ transplantation has gained a success percentage of more than 70% and they became the pioneer in this field.
-          Chairman: Excuse me, may I have a question? Can you explain the term “organ transplantation”?
-          Member 2: That term stands for a procedure of moving an organ from a body to another in order to replace the one that lost its function. Usually, the body will reject the new organ like other strange things but those two countries have improved appropriate medicine to prevent the immune system as well as to protect the patients as their immunity sharply decreases. It is a really big success to help a patient live happily ever after with the new organ and 70% of success is the best frequency at the present.
-          Chairman: You guys really have good informations to share. We have already agree on the inequality inequality of health care between well-developed and third-world countries and now that opinion is more obvious with the examples you just gave: USA with perfect primary care, European countries and the use of high facility, England along with France as pioneer in organ transplantation. I know you guys have more things to say but the times is up. Thank you very much for your interesting points of view. I am looking forward to our next discussion. Goodbye, see you again.

Topic 8: How far Vietnam have been able to face pandemics, state specific achievements and factors
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