WRITING - nhét thêm một chút

Đối với phần WRITING các bạn nên tham khảo bài pdf của bạn Lê Minh Trang để có thêm kiến thức và bài mẫu.
Ngoài ra, Bảo xin được đóng góp phần của mình qua tóm tắt sau đây về kỹ năng của riêng Bảo để vượt qua bài viết trong vòng 30 phút:
 
Nắm rõ yêu cầu:
            - 150 chữ
            - đúng cấu trúc và thì (quá khứ hoặc hiện tại)
            - đa dạng trong từ ngữ và câu cú
 
Và đáp lại yêu cầu:
1) Nhắm trong đầu 1 câu mình viết là khoảng 10-15 chữ, nên tính ra thì cần 10 câu để hoàn thành bài viết và đảm bảo số từ
2) Cần một cấu không thay đổi để sẵn sàng:
--- 1 câu mở bài
--- 1 - 2 câu nhìn tổng quan
--- 6-7 câu miêu tả thông tin (thường là so sánh hoặc tả xu hướng)
--- 1 câu kết bài (copy lại cái nhìn tổng quan, nhớ đổi chữ cho khác đi để không bị lặp lại)
3) Đa dạng (quan trọng và tạo ra sự khác biệt): luôn luôn chọn sẵn vài từ mình hay dùng
Nên chia sẵn tất cả theo mục đích dùng -

Textbook page: 39
Topic: (bar chart) frequency of disease in women and men of different ages in Vietnam
 
Let’s write:
The chart illustrates the difference in Vietnam’s number of ill people between the two genders female and male in eight classes of age. From an overall perspective, the female ill records increase steeply to the top at the age 41-50, then fall considerably as they get closer to their 70s and older, whereas a vague trend happens to the frequency of male patients. Firstly, the women accounts for approximately 2 thousand cases in the class of under 16 and the number increases rapidly until it peaks at 35 thousand in the next 30 years of their lifetime before its steep drop to about 6 thousand at the age of over 70. In contrast to the belt-shaped trend of women, it is difficult to trace the change in the male data as it reaches the bottom of 1 thousand in the class 16-20 and fluctuates between 9 to 10 thousand during the age of 30 to 70, then falls gently to around 7 thousand after getting over 70. To summarize, the quantity of female patients is higher than male in most classes of age, with the two exceptions of the age under 16 and over 70.

Textbook page: 39
Topic: (bar chart) causes of death in Someland in 1990
 
Let’s write:
The chart illustrates Someland’s number of fatalities caused by tuberculosis, malaria, tropical diseases, leprosy, and AIDS in 1990. As can be seen from the chart, tuberculosis had the maximum of 1.8 million dead cases, whereas the minimum belonged to leprosy with only 0.1 million deaths which is considerably eighteen times less than the highest. Diarrhea stood at the frequency of 0.5 million and recorded 0.1 million cases more than malaria, which made them the second and the third in this race of killing people. Being responsible for 0.3 million dead patients, tropical diseases earned itself the fourth place. Finally, accounting for 0.2 million fatalities, half as many as malaria, AIDS was no longer a threat to the country thanks to a lot of medical along with communicational efforts. To sum up, in 1990, tuberculosis was the deadliest contagious disease in Someland and marked a great distance of more than 1 million records to the other five major deadly diseases of that country.

Textbook page: 42
Topic: (line graph) the effect of age on fertility
 
Let’s write:
The graph illustrates the possibility of getting pregnant and becoming infertile by ages. As can be seen from the graph, the likelihood of infertility increases considerably from 3% at the age of 20 to 100% when people are over 50, whereas an opposite trend happens to the chance of pregnancy. Being 20 to 24 years old, women has developed completely their reproductive system and the highest possibility of getting pregnant obviously stand in this period, with 86%. In the next two decades, this percentage decreases steadily to 36% by the age 40-44, then continues to drop but more sharply to 0%. In contrast, the number of being infertile is low in the first 20-year period, during which women are still highly fertilizable, but rockets steeply from 32% in women’s 40s to 100% in their 50s. In conclusion, as the rate of fertility goes down gradually from the age of 20 to over 50, we can see that the older people are, the lower their opportunity of having children becomes.

Textbook page: 48
Topic: (table) incidence of lung cancer
 
Let’s write:
The table illustrates 2010’s number of male and female patients of lung cancer in 7 countries including China, Canada, USA, UK, Japan, Sweden, and India. As can be seen from the table, men had more records than women in all mentioned nations and the smoking routine could have been the most significant reason for this outcome. As for men, the highest amount which belonged to China was 67.5 per 100,000, whereas female cases marked the maximum of 33.5 over 100,000 in the USA. In contrast to those great amounts, India luckily recorded the lowest frequency in both men and women with only 12.1 male patients and 3.8 female ones per 100,000. Accounting for 22.0 victims in men and 12.9 in women, Sweden did not share the same good result as India but are still better than the other countries where a fluctuation from 44.0 to 60.0 male cases and from 13.0 to 31.0 female ones took place. To summarize, in 2010, men was reported to have more cases of lung cancer than women in the 7 considered countries.

Textbook page: 48
Topic: (table) chief causes of death in the US, 1910 and 1992
 
Let’s write:
The table illustrates the common reasons of fatality in the US along with their death rate in 1910 and 1992. As can be seen from the table, there are many changes between the two mentioned years as pneumonia, influenza, heart diease, cancer, accidents, stroke presented in both 1910 and 1992 but were responsible for different amount of cases and tuberculosis, diarrhea, enteritis, nephritis, diphtheria were replaced by chronic lung disease, suicide, chronic liver disease, and diabetes by 1992. In the last 100 years, pneumonia and influenza were at the top of killing but lost their place to heart disease after 8 decades due to a sharp rise from 9.4% to 34.4% in the proportion of patients killed by cardiac problems. Having the same upward trend, cancer jumped from 4.5% to 23.9% and earned itself the second place in 1992. As for the other causes of death, they also changed but were not considered as threat with only 2% to 7% of total fatalities. To summarize, the figure in 1992 was extremely different to what it was 80 years ago because many growths, drops, and replacements appeared as is illustrated by the table.

Phần mơ bài ko chép lại nguyên xi đề mà viết lại = từ/câu khác có ý tương đuong.
shows = compares
 figures for = number of between... and... = over a period of 
trends in = changes 
in US consumption = consumption in the United States 
chart = flow chart (also: bar chart, pie chart, table) 
the process of...= how... 
shows = illustrates 
the total number = the overall number
 various = different 
before and after = some changes 
 the proportion = the percentage
Tham khảo thêm 
http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/wordlist/english/usage_notes/unbox_langbank/?page=1